Gucci’s Closest Competitor

Basically CONTRAST THE KEY ELEMENT OF GUCCI’S MARKETING STRATEGY TO ITS CLOSEST COMPETITOR. Legitimize WHY YOU HAVE CHOSEN THIS COMPANY AS GUCCI’S CLOSEST COMPETITORS Gucci is one of the most remarkable pioneers in extravagance design advertise. Gucci is established by Guccio Gucci in 1921 in Florence, Italy. Presently, Gucci is the piece of Gucci Group and Pinault Printemps Recloute (PPR). The globalization of the style condition and lift in the western economies change Gucci from a little Italian organization in to enormous extravagance design brand in worldwide level. In 1980s, Gucci had lost its intrigue and turned into a cheap brand and was likewise in profound money related emergency. However, Tom Ford raised Gucci from dead and discovered the company’s driving status and keeps up their client dependability. He made Gucci’s picture as: smooth, hot, and brave. What's more, Frida Giannini the new imaginative chief of Gucci after Tom Ford changed the picture of Gucci from hot to exotic nature. There are different sides to a brand like Gucci: the spectacular, truly popular side yet additionally with its foundations and legacy of 90yrs history and craftsmans working for Gucci. (Frida Giannini , The Times, sept 5, 2009) For the Gucci’s resurrection advertising blend assumes a fundamental job. The idea of 4Ps or the advertising blend is to clarify the relationship of item, value, advancement and spot with in the brand/business. The showcasing blend is set of promoting devices that the firm uses to seek after its advertising goals in the objective market. Thus, this hypothesis recommends that all brands/business need the correct item, sell that item at right cost, in the ideal spot, utilizing the most appropriate advancement. Fundamentally marks utilize this idea to draw in their objective customer to coordinate their needs and requests. Out of these 4Ps item is primary centered zone of advertising blend in light of the fact that the item is mix of unmistakable and immaterial offer that a brand offers to client to bring in cash. Item tends to the need of purchaser. The item must have the correct highlights like: it must look great and function admirably. â€Å"When all around structured, great quality item is at the foundation of the advertising effort it regularly includes a level of realness and truthfulness to the showcasing system. † (Gary Aspden †Adidas) For instance: buyer needs to fit in with the friend gathering and the issue of how best to do this is tackled by wearing specific brand’s stylish item. Acing Fashion Marketing, Tim Jackson, 2008). As referenced before that item is the fundamental component of the showcasing blend and in that item classification footwear is the primary centered region. â€Å"Shoes are consistently the most significant thing since they are what your identity is . They change the manner in which you walk, the manner in which you move. † †Tom Ford The market for the footwear class is United Kingdom. The explanation for picking this market is that the United Kingdom footwear showcase, the estimation of this market is arrived at a record high of over ? bn in 2008. The UK is one of Europe’s driving footwear markets, representing almost 19% of the European footwear deals. PRODUCTSGUCCIPRADACHANELLouis Vuitton Women’s wear Men’s wear Shoes Hand Bags Jewelry Fragrance Watches Eye wear Beauty items X Hats Tie Scarves Based on the previously mentioned table Gucci's rivals are Prada, Chanel and Louis Vuitton. The purposes for taking just these brands are these four brands are extremely well known in extravagance advertise everywhere throughout the world. In this way, through this table get the essential thought of the item astute correlation in these four brands. All the four brands have practically comparative items however the character is extraordinary. Gucci is considerably more like Prada regarding brand picture and item correlation. The brand picture of Gucci and Prada is exceptionally enchanting, incredible, cultivated, attractive and chic. Where as Chanel and Louis Vuitton have exceptionally shrewd, exemplary, refined and develop character. As far as costs Gucci and Prada go connected at the hip while Louis Vuitton and Chanel are very costly as contrast with Gucci and Prada. While contrasting the brand estimation of these brands and the positioning of Top 100 Brands Louis Vuitton remains on seventeenth position with the brand estimation of $21,120millions, Gucci remains on 45th position with the brand estimation of $3530 millions, Chanel remains on 60th position with the brand estimation of $6040 millions and Prada remains on 91th position with the brand estimation of $3530 millions. Along these lines, as contrasting the brand worth and rank of top 100 brands Chanel will be the nearest contender of Gucci. Be that as it may, here the examination depends on the item in this way, Prada will the Gucci’s nearest contender on the grounds that according to the product offering and brand picture Prada is Gucci’s nearest contender. GucciPrada As, referenced prior in the product offering Prada is the nearest contender of Gucci. Here, the pictures from Prada and Gucci men’s footwear assortment of Spring Summer 2010. The structure of the item is comparative, state of the shoes is likewise comparative, and material they utilized is additionally same. The cut detail of the outside counter of the shoes is additionally comparable. From the top view both the shoes look fundamentally the same as The sewing point of interest is comparable however Gucci gave dull shading channeling on the toe top and gave same shading sewing where as Prada gave differentiate shading sewing enumerating which is very observable. The shades of these shoes are distinctive Gucci utilized Bordeaux shading in softened cowhide material which gives extremely dull look while Prada utilized same material in Red shading which gives exceptionally brilliant and keen look. Prada likewise gave a logo on side of the shoe while Gucci gave green, red and green shading web stripe. The enumerating on the tongue of the shoes is likewise unique Gucci gave crisscross look on the edge which gave an unpleasant look however its completed where Prada gave completed look sewing which give complex look. The coating of the both the shoes are likewise comparative as far as shading and calfskin in sole logo. The shade of the sole is additionally comparative yet itemizing is distinctive Gucci gave their own image logo enumerating on the elastic sole where as Prada utilized decent specifying on drive sole. The cost of Gucci’s shoes is $530 where as Prada shoes cost around $557. Great plan and shading and with reasonable value Prada is better than Gucci in this correlation. Gucci Prada This promoting effort is for Autumn Winter 2009/10 for Prada and Gucci for the footwear assortment. In both the promoting effort both the brand concentrated distinctly on the item. Gucci’s items are exceptionally gleaming and spectacular which speaks to urban, delightful, youthful and chic look. Where as Prada shoes are enlivened by Trojan protective cap/headgear which gives extremely a la mode and cool look and more spotlight on item enumerating. Gucci ( Gucci’s store show window is extremely essential with aroma bottle shape with yellow light and satchel shape with pink light and setting is brightened with Gucci logo. In the showcase Gucci show sacks and shoes together. The feeling and the light impact give rich look to Gucci’s show window. In the showcase window Gucci just showed their essential and great sack and shoes. While Gucci’s picture is exotic, smooth and attractive, however through this window show Gucci can not pass on its image picture. In any case, the light impact, atmosphere and item supplement one another. Be that as it may, this showcase doesn't Whereas Prada’s window show is absolutely inverse to Gucci’s window show. Prada give more spotlight on their item in the presentation window. Prada utilized six silver mannequins to show their footwear and which gave exceptionally stylish look. Indeed, even the shade of footwear is extremely decent and eye snappy when it put on those silver mannequins. The situation of the mannequins is likewise extremely decent, they showed 3 mannequins the correct way and rest of 3 mannequins they simply flip it with the goal that the item can feature more. Furthermore, they utilized white lights for the presentation. Along these lines, through this window show Prada pass on their image picture which in vogue, savvy, provocative and exotic. In this manner, to finish up we can say that Prada is Gucci’s nearest contenders. The explanation for this is Prada offer practically all the item which Gucci offers and the brand picture of Gucci and Prada is same which is provocative, smooth, sexy and savvy. In product offering in a similar season Gucci and Prada offers practically comparable shoes however Prada’s shoes are brilliant and in vogue where as Gucci’s shoes give dull look. Along these lines, from that correlation Gucci can't keep up their image picture where as Prada’s shoes are straightforward however Prada keep up their image picture which is exceptionally brilliant. While contrasting the publicizing effort and the store show window, Prada and Gucci go inseparably as far as pass on the message through promoting effort and furthermore feature their picture through store atmosphere. Be that as it may, Gucci has 278 stores all around the globe where as Prada have 128 stores far and wide. Along these lines, universally Gucci is more celebrated than Prada. The brand estimation of Gucci is more than Prada. Reference: Websites: http://bwnt. businessweek. com/interactive_reports/best_global_brands_2009/list. asp? sortCol=rankid=1=2=50 http://www. stanforddaily. com/2009/03/06/milan-style week-genders out/http://www. researchandmarkets. com/research/34a553/footwear_market_re Books: Journals: Images: Prada Display: http://williamyan. com/blog/2009/7/24/retail-prada-window-show in-soho. html) Gucci show: http://www. bobbintalk. com/2009/11/window-shopping-gucci. html

Macroeconomics vs. Microeconomics free essay sample

hese are two branches or rather strategies for composition of the study of financial matters. The qualification between them can best be clarified by contrasting their fundamental highlights. As the terms propose, macroeconomics manages the market for a huge scope and its total issues, while microeconomics concerns advertises taking things down a notch and individual parts of the issues. There are six particular parts of the two methodologies that are appeared as in the accompanying table: Microeconomics Macroeconomics (a) Units of the investigation Individual customers, makers laborers, merchants, and so on. Total units, for example, state National or International economy. (b) Activities Optimization and boost of individual gains and benefits. Long haul development, support of significant levels of creation and business. (c) Origin Micro exercises rise on the interest side of consumer’s decisions. Issues of long haul development rely on the gracefully of beneficial assets (d) Conditions This methodology is practical under static conditions and little league interims. We will compose a custom paper test on Macroeconomics versus Microeconomics or on the other hand any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page This methodology is practical under unique conditions and complex since quite a while ago run changes. (e) Methods It is worried about little modifications, for which the utilization of a minor strategy is appropriate. It manages perplexing, unique changes welcoming the utilization of cutting edge numerical procedures. (f) Levels Micro modifications in asset An allotment are made in light of changes in relative costs of merchandise and enterprises. The total degree of salary or all out financial exercises is viewed as consistent. Large scale approach endeavors to discover the states of long haul developments in yield all in all, accepting relative costs as consistent (or critical). This qualification among small scale and macroeconomics as introduced above is just a matter of hypothetical accommodation. The two methodologies are correlative and not serious; one can't consider these to be watertight compartments

Best of Book Riot Everything I Need to Know About Teaching Literature I Learned from Winnie the Pooh

Best of Book Riot Everything I Need to Know About Teaching Literature I Learned from Winnie the Pooh To celebrate the end of the year, were running some of our favorite posts from the last six months. Well be back with all-new stuff on January 7th. _________________________ Ive been a full-time college instructor of composition and literature for just over two years now, and in that time Ive taught 17 classes (now working on my 18-21st classes this semester) and read an awful lot of pedagogical theory. But I think my favourite pedagogical philosopher has to be A.A. Milne, the creator of my favourite little character in all of literature: Winnie-the-Pooh. In grad school, I often aligned myself with Piglet (it felt awfully hard to be brave being only a Very Small Animal), but Im now seeing more and more wisdom in all the characters of the Hundred Acre Woods. Let me walk you through what I mean. Patience, grasshopper. If the person you are talking to doesnt appear to be listening, be patient. It may simply be that he has a small piece of fluff in his ear. I was really not prepared for how many times we would have to discuss a theme or idea before it became common classroom parlance. But you know, it also took me two-plus years to learn all the acronyms at the college where I teach, and I still mess half of them up on a regular basis. Most not-listening isnt happening out of malice. And whether the fluff in the ear is exhaustion or worry about other classes or a mild case of the not-giving-a-damns, its almost never about me. Its okay to wing it. One of the advantages of being disorganized is that one is always having surprising discoveries. I used to plan these obsessive lectures, with long, detailed notes. I would write everything in even the corny jokes I was going to make and plan not only for the questions I was going to ask but for all the possible answers I could foresee. Can you spell Control Freak, boys and girls? One day in my second semester of teaching a 4/4 load, the wheels fell off the bus and I was panicked. Id marked all night, I was exhausted, and I had a class to teach armed only with my copy of the novel, my margin notes, and about three ideas I wanted them to take home. I walked into class and, terrified, began to just ask questions based on the questions I had posed to the text in my margin notes. We had the best. discussion. ever. And I never looked back. There is a book for everything. Then would you read a Sustaining Book, such as would help and comfort a Wedged Bear in Great Tightness. Books are comforting. I probably dont need to tell you that; youre reading Book Riot. But sometimes I forget that I am, for the most part, teaching 18- and 19-year-olds who are having VERY BIG MOMENTS and for whom the books I choose surprisingly turn out to be their own Sustaining Book.  Of course, this isnt literary criticism, but its a way into the book, and sometimes thats a great start. Sometimes the essay murders the idea. When you are a Bear of Very Little Brain, and you Think of Things, you find sometimes that a Thing which seemed very Thingish inside you is quite different when it gets out into the open and has other people looking at it. I have these marvellous conversations with students about texts where they can really see deep, thoughtful interconnections of ideas. They leave my office and I sit there, in a trance, because all of a sudden Im thinking about the text in a whole new way. And then I read the essay from the same student, and I feel like Ive been hit by a train. But you know, thinking Thingish Things is hard work and takes quite a lot of practice; writing Thingish Things down and retaining their Thingishness is an order of magnitude larger again. So I now try to build in lots of chances to discuss Thingish Things in different ways before the essay approaches, hoping some of the Thingishness can shine through. Leave my pretensions at the door. It is more fun to talk with someone who doesnt use long, difficult words but rather short, easy words like What about lunch?” Most things academics say, especially to first-year literature students, could stand to be simplified and clarified. This isnt about dumbing down but rather creating access points into the text. I remember as undergraduates, my husband and I were, in separate classes, frustrated with the concept of postmodernism, until one of his professors described it as, The Big Fuck Off.  Ahhhhhh, that I can get! Okay, now lets dig deeper. So we start with lunch, and we move on to the history of the baguette. Eventually. Literature is more than the intellectual. “Rabbits clever, said Pooh thoughtfully. Yes, said Piglet, Rabbits clever. And he has Brain. Yes, said Piglet, Rabbit has Brain. There was a long silence. I suppose, said Pooh, that thats why he never understands anything.” I have been humbled on more than one occasion by a student pointing out a totally surface, obvious reading of a text that brilliantly shatters my hyper-complex theory of the texts meaning. Grad school trains us to think one way, but its not the only way to approach texts, and the fresh eyes and ears of someone eagerly engaging with a text for the first time can spark such a fruitful conversation. Rome wasnt built in a semester. Rivers know this: there is no hurry. We shall get there some day. Every semester, I teach two sections of literature and two sections of academic writing. My students are unlikely to become either master close-readers or master essayists in a single semester of academic study, no matter how awesome I am. I found this disheartening at first. But now, starting my third year of teaching, Im just starting to hear from those early students about how they eventually did get why paragraph structure matters or how to read a poem. Im starting to understand that first-year English is about planting seeds and giving them just enough care and attention that theyll be able to sprout when theyre ready. Do you have a favourite Winnie-the-Pooh quotation to live by?

Human Dignity And The Inalienable Rights Of Every Person

When Europeans began to colonize the New World at the end of the 15th century, they were well aware of the institution of slavery. Slavery has been a part of human society since its beginning and it continues to increase today. This kind of activities continues to growth in today’s society in different forms every country in the world. Mostly women are forced to practice prostitution, children and adults may be required to work in farming or factories producing goods for global corporate companies, sometimes all the members of the family are required to work without receiving pay and they continue being in debt; or young girls are obligated to get married with older men, these illegal practices still exist in our contemporary world. For more than two centuries, the United States has worked to advance the cause of freedom. Still, our society remains imperfect, and our people have more work to do to maintain these values. At home and around the globe, we must continue to fight f or human dignity and the inalienable rights of every person. In the past Sexual trafficking became a growing issue in the United States of America as well as in developing countries around the globe. In the United States of America inheritance of slavery exists from the early seventeenth century. On the other hand, the period of American slavery started from the fourteenth century, while the rich empires from Spain and Portugal started to take into custody Africans for enslavement in Europe. WhenShow MoreRelatedEssay on Human Cloning and the Value of Human Life1257 Words   |  6 PagesHuman Cloning and the Value of Human Life To recognize the value of human life, from conception until its natural end, is an achievement of civilization to be safeguarded as a primary good of the person and of society. 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Special Feeding Adaptations of the Seahorse

The seahorse is one of 54 different species of fish in the marine genus Hippocampus—a word that comes from the Greek word for horse. Only a small handful of species are commonly seen in tropical and temperate waters of both the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. They range in size from tiny, 1/2-inch fish to nearly 14 inches in length. Seahorses are one of the only fish that swim in an upright position  and are the slowest-swimming of all fishes. Seahorses are generally considered to be an evolved form of pipefish. How Seahorses Eat Because they swim so slowly, eating can be a challenge for the seahorse. Further complicating things is the fact that a seahorse has no stomach. It needs to eat almost constantly because food quickly passes straight through its digestive system. An adult seahorse will eat 30 to 50 times per day, while baby  seahorses  eat 3,000 pieces of food per day. Seahorses do not have teeth; they suck in their food and swallow it whole. Thus their prey needs to be very small. Primarily, seahorses feed on plankton, small fish and small crustaceans, such as shrimp and copepods. To compensate for its lack of swimming speed, a seahorses neck is well adapted for catching prey. Seahorses ambush their prey by hovering silently nearby, attached to plants or corals and often camouflaged to blend in with their surroundings. Suddenly, the seahorse will tilt its head and slurp in its prey. This movement results in a distinctive sound. Unlike their relatives, the pipefish, seahorses can extend their heads forward, a process that is aided by their curving neck. Although they cant swim as well as pipefish, The seahorse has the ability to stealthily reach out and strike their prey. This means that they can wait for prey to pass by their perch, rather than actively pursuing them—a task that is difficult given their very slow speed. The hunt for prey is also aided by the seahorses eyes, which have evolved to move independently, allowing them an easier search for prey.   Seahorses as Aquarium Specimens What about captive seahorses? Seahorses are popular in the aquarium trade, and there is currently a movement to raise seahorses in captivity to protect the wild population. With coral reefs in danger, the native habitat of the seahorse is also challenged, leading to ethical concerns about harvesting them from the wild for the aquarium trade. Further, captive-bred seahorses seem to thrive better in aquariums than do capture  wild seahorses.   However, efforts to breed seahorses in captivity is somewhat complicated by the fact that young seahorses prefer live food that must be very small, given the tiny size of the young seahorses. While they are often fed frozen crustaceans, captive seahorses do better when feeding on live food. Live wild- or captive-raised copepods (tiny crustaceans)  and rotifers are a good food source that allows young seahorses to thrive in captivity. Resources and Further Reading Bai, Nina. â€Å"How the Sea Horse Got Its Curves.† Scientific American, Springer Nature, 1 Feb. 2011.Scales, Helen. Poseidons Steed: The Story of Seahorses, from Myth to Reality. Gotham, 2009.â€Å"Sea Horse Facts.† The Seahorse Trust, Seahorse Alliance, 2019.Souza-Santos, Là ­lia P., et al. â€Å"Prey Selection of Juvenile Seahorse Hippocampus Reidi.† Aquaculture, vol. 404-405, 10 Aug. 2013, pp. 35-40.â€Å"Theres Something About Seahorses.† Birch Aquarium at Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego.

Our Journey to the New World Free Essays

string(20) " at the big wheels\." For Two days Martha rode in the back of the dusty wagon and cried. She was one big mess. Feeling sorry for herself, and mad at the whole family. We will write a custom essay sample on Our Journey to the New World or any similar topic only for you Order Now Pa stopped the wagon, and everybody got out to eat, Everybody but Martha. She just sat where she was, moping instead of crying, till she’d run out of tears. â€Å"Martha Madison, are you going to eat something?’ asked ma. â€Å"You know I can’t swallow when I’m upset,† she told Ma. â€Å"Leave her be,† said Pa. â€Å"My Martha has a mind and a stomach of her own.† â€Å"I’ll take her gingerbread,† said Billy. He was Martha’s older brother, only one year older. Ma plunked Bob on Martha’s lap. â€Å"Well, if you’re not going to eat, how about looking after your baby brother?† Bob was a cute little rascal, but Martha was busy thinking about her home back in Jackson, Mississippi and her friend Denis. Martha missed her home and wanted to go back home. Denis and Martha swore to be friends forever, but the creaky old wagon was putting more miles between them everyday. Billy and Bob liked traveling in the wagon, the same with Pa. Ma wasn’t the complaining sort, but Martha just hated traveling. Ma said to many times to Martha, â€Å"Your Pa’s got itchy feet. He’s a traveling man and he’ll keep on moving west till we run out of land.† Everybody was excited about going to Saint Joseph, Missouri. It was where Pa was bringing them to join a wagon train headed for Oregon. It took them two weeks to reach Saint Joe. When they got to Saint Joe it was Pa and Billy who turn to be disappointed. They were too late for the wagon train. It had been gone for a week. They’d have to wait a month for the next one. After their long miserable ride from Jackson things moved pretty fast. By late afternoon they were set up in two little rooms on Mudd Street. And Pa found a job with the New West Harness Company. Martha and Ma had supper ready. They all crowded around the table and joined hands. Pa said grace and they all said â€Å"Amen.† After supper Ma spread two blankets on the floor for Martha and Billy. Pa and Ma and Bob took the big bed in the other room. And everyone was sound asleep. Pa worked all day at the New West Harness Company. â€Å"Missing that wagon train may turn out to be a blessing,† said Pa. â€Å"Why?† said Ma. â€Å"It’ll give me time to bargain for all the things we’ll need for Oregon,† answered Pa. First Pa bought extra oxen. Then he traded their old wagon in for a big new one with a canvas top. â€Å"How does she look?† he cried. â€Å"Looks like a cross between a boat and a wagon,† said Ma. â€Å"That’s why they call these contraptions prairie schooners,† said Pa. â€Å"We’re going to sail her all the way to Oregon!† shouted Billy. Martha had to laugh. The wagon did look like a ship, with its big white canvas top. There small rooms in the wagon were crammed with things for the trip. Bags of dried beans, tin buckets of lard and brown sugar, and jars of apple jelly all these things crowded around their beds. When Martha looked up at night, Martha was staring at slabs of bacon and dried beef hanging from the ceiling. â€Å"We’ll need enough food to last us through six months,† said Ma. Saint Joe was filling up fast. New wagons pulled in, crammed with goods and people. New children and dogs were all over the place. Martha’s worries came to her head the day Pa said, â€Å"Time to pack the wagon. Captain Jonah, the trail boss, says the train moves tomorrow.† Billy and Pa loaded all the heavy boxes into the wagon. â€Å"It’s going to hard to fit everything in the wagon,† she said. â€Å"But all of us ought to have our own little space. You can take anything you want, as long as it fits into your box.† Martha took out her box out to the porch. It wouldn’t hold much. Maybe the box would hold her doll with the china head and her hair ribbons. Leaving Saint Joe was going to be just as bad a leaving Jackson. At breakfast Pa said grace. â€Å"Dear Lord, give us a good journey and safekeeping. And bring us finally to Oregon if it be thy will.† Everyone rolled up there bedding and put it in the wagon. Martha helped Ma hang her pots on big hooks on the outside of the wagon. Pa said, â€Å"I’m going to drive the wagon to the front of the house. Just to see how she pulls.† They all watched. Billy bounced up beside Pa. â€Å"Giddup!† shouted Pa. The oxen strained under the load. The wagon jerked forward. â€Å"She rides real smooth,† called Pa. â€Å"Everybody hop in.† Ma climbed up with Bob. The grove outside Saint Joe where the wagon train formed looked like a big campground. Children ran yelling and playing around the wagons, dogs joined in, barking and chasing after kids. Pa finally found Captain Jonah. He gave Pa a number for our wagon number 49. Billy asked Pa if he could carve the number on the side of the wagon. â€Å"You can do more than that,† said Pa. â€Å"We’ve got to keep track of the days. Carve a notch for each weekday and a long mark for each Sunday.† Martha felt cheated. Pa always gave Billy the important things to do. But Pa surprised Martha. â€Å"Come with me, Martha girl,† he said. â€Å"I’ve got a special job for you.† Pa lifted up a round tin can from under the wagon seat. Then he showed Martha how to put axle grease on the big wagon wheels. â€Å"Every day it gets dark I want you to grease each wheel, Martha. Then check all the spokes for cracks. Let me know if you find anything wrong.† said Pa. Martha stared at the big wheels. You read "Our Journey to the New World" in category "Papers" They were as tall as her. Pa said, â€Å"It’s these wheels that will get us to Oregon. You’ve got a sharp eye, Martha. I’m trusting our wheels to you.† Pa managed to get there wagon through all the confusion. Finally they found wagon number 48. They pulled up right behind it. Toward the front of the line they could hear a lot of shouting. â€Å"I can’t make it out,† said Pa At first Martha couldn’t make it out either. Then she got it clear. â€Å"They’re shouting, ‘Wagons, ho!† she cried. The air was ringing with â€Å"Wagons, ho!† too. Martha thought it was pretty exciting, before she knew it she was yelling, â€Å"Wagons, ho!† too. The white tops of the wagons in front of us started bobbing up and down. â€Å"Giddup!† shouted Pa. â€Å"Oregon, here we come!† yelled Billy. Martha crawled over the boxes and sacks to the back of the wagon. She raised the lid of her box, and there she saw her doll. â€Å"We’re on our way, Miss Chocolate,† she whispered. â€Å"So far, so good.† The canvas topped wagons were like ovens. Billy and Martha found out they could walk as fast as the train moved. It was cooler to walk, too. The first day they were walking beside the wagon, she met a big girl who was in wagon 48. She was a sight. Wild, curly, carrot colored hair shot out in all directions around her head. Her calico dress looked about two sizes too large. She wore it hitched up so you could see the big brogan shoes on her feet. This big headed girl walked right up to Martha and said, â€Å"My name’s Laura Smith. What’s yours?† â€Å"Martha Madison,† she told her. â€Å"Let’s be friends, I’ll look after you,† said Laura. â€Å"But I don’t need anybody to look after me,† Martha told her. â€Å"Rats!† she said. â€Å"Everybody needs a friend, and I am the best looker you’ll ever meet. I do all the looking after for my Pa.† â€Å"What about your Ma?† asked Martha. â€Å"Ma’s dead a year now,† she said. â€Å"And you cook and wash and do everything?† asked Martha. â€Å"Everything,† boomed Laura. â€Å"Promised Ma I’d look after Pa.† Then Laura said, â€Å"Stick with me, honey. You won’t have a thing to worry about. Let’s shake on it.† When the shadows started getting long, a message came down the line of wagons. â€Å"Campsite for the night about a mile ahead,† yelled the scout. By the time they made the circle with the wagons it was late afternoon. Pa and Billy unhitched the oxen to let them graze on grass. Martha helped Ma get a cook fire started. Then Martha got the tin bucket from under the wagon seat and greased the wheels. She felt every spoke till they were smooth as glass. Supper on the prairie that first night was delicious. Cook fires circled the big camp. There was lots of visiting back and forth. Laura came barreling over to there campfire. She didn’t give Martha a chance to even introduce her. â€Å"I’m Laura Smith,† she said, grabbing first Ma’s, then Pa’s hand. When she went to Billy, he stepped back and just nodded his head. â€Å"Welcome,† said Ma. â€Å"Would you like some coffee?† â€Å"No, I’m full as a boardinghouse bedbug,† said Lauren, patting her stomach. Everyone laughed. Then Laura settled down with them like a longtime friend. In one of the wagons someone was playing a fiddle. Martha looked up at the sky. About a million sparkling stars were winking at her. It was a perfect night. From the first day, Billy was asking, â€Å"When are we going to see some buffalo?† But he had carved ten notches on the wagon before we spotted any. â€Å"I’d sure like to see one of them beasts up close!† he cried. â€Å"I like them right where they are,† Martha said. In a way Martha soon got a lot closer to the buffalo. They ran out of firewood and had to burn dried buffalo droppings. They were called â€Å"chips.† The longer they were on the trail, the hotter it got. Everybody was glad to see the sun set. At least it was cooler at night. But when night came, so did thousands of buffalo gnats. The only way to keep from being eaten alive was to sit close to the campfires. The gnats hated smoke more than they liked humans. Martha sneaked over to Laura’s wagon , and got dozens of bites. Late one afternoon Laura and Martha were counting the notches Billy had carved. â€Å"It’s hard to believe we’ve been on the trail almost three weeks,† Martha commented. â€Å"Not for me,† said Laura. â€Å"I feel like I’ve already walked three thousand miles and picked up a million buffalo chips!† While they were laughing, Martha heard a rumbling sound. â€Å"You hear that?† asked Martha. â€Å"Sounds like thunder,† said Laura. From the front of the train two scouts came riding towards them. â€Å"Swing the wagons in a circle!† they shouted. â€Å"What’s wrong?† asked Pa. â€Å"Buffalo stampede!† shouted the scouts. The rumbling was growing louder. Laura ran to her wagon. In a few minutes the wagons were in a raged circle. Ma and Martha ducked under the wagon with Bob. Pa and Billy grabbed guns and crawled behind the big wagon wheels. All Martha could see was a big dark cloud mobbing towards them. â€Å"Where are the buffalo?† Martha asked. â€Å"In the dust cloud,† said Pa. â€Å"There must be thousands of them.† Captain Jonah rode up. â€Å"Have your guns ready!† he shouted. â€Å"But don’t shoot until I give you the order.† The buffalo were close. Martha could taste dust in her mouth. Then, in the moving dust cloud, she saw them. They were packed tight, like a solid wall. Their heads were down. Their tails were in the air. The ground shook under their pounding hooves. â€Å"Hold your fire!† commanded Captain Jonah. Martha was sure the buffalo would crush them any second. She closed her eyes. â€Å"Fire! Fire! Fire!,† shouted Captain Jonah. The guns barked and Martha’s eyes flew open. Several buffalo in the front of the pack crumpled to the ground. More and more piled up behind them. But one huge wounded beast kept coming. He plowed into a wagon near there’s. There was this sickening thud. The wagon rolled over. Martha heard screams and more gunfire’s. The huge shaggy buffalo was slumped against a schooner. A red stain was spreading in the sand around the dead buffalo. Martha felt sick. But the gunfire was working. The solid line of buffalo split in the middle. They turned away from the pile of dead buffalo and ran past the wagons. Martha could see hundreds of brown shaggy legs flying by their wagon. â€Å"We’ve broken the stampede!† shouted Captain Jonah. The mad, rushing buffalo swung wide of the wagons. Soon the last of the huge herd passed them by. The dust began to settle. The thundering roar of the stampede faded away. â€Å"We’re safe now,† said Pa. â€Å"I’m going over to help the folks under the wagon and shook the dust off. Back at the wagon Pa told us we were going to stay put for the night. â€Å"It’ll give us time to skin some buffalo for supper,† he said. Billy went to skin the dead buffalo. Martha started greasing the wagon wheels. The men came back with big buffalo steaks. Ma fixed some for there supper. Martha couldn’t eat the tough meat. Martha stared out across the starlit prairie. She felt so lonely. As far as she could see there was nothing just flat prairie stretching on and on. â€Å"Where is your Pa?† asked Captain Jonah. â€Å"Over there,† Grasped Martha, pointing in the opposite direction. The Captain rode away, in a hurry. When Pa came back to there wagon, he said we would make camp early. â€Å"Why?† asked Ma. â€Å"Indians,† said Pa. â€Å"They’ve been tracking us all day.† For three days the scouts reported: â€Å"Indians still tracking us.† â€Å"They probably only want to do some trading,† Captain Jonah reassured us. â€Å"The important thing is that no one panics and does something foolish. I’ve brought many wagon trains through Indian country and I had never had any real trouble.† It was late in the afternoon on the fourth day when Martha saw them. At first they were tiny specks bobbing up and down far out on the plains. â€Å"They’re on horseback,† said Laura. The scouts rushes up shouting, â€Å"Circle the wagons!† As soon as the circle was made, Pa grabbed his gun. Then he joined the men lined up behind Captain Jonah. Martha peeked through a slit in the canvas. A long line of Indians on horseback were moving slowly toward them. It was so still and quiet, Martha could hear everyone breathing in the wagon. Suddenly the Indians stopped. Captain Jonah made a sign with his hands. An Indian who must have been the chief returned Captain Jonah’s sign. Then Captain Jonah and the chief rode out and met in the middle. For a few minutes they talked, and made signs with their hands. Then Captain Jonah turned and went back to his men. The chief did the same. Crack! A single gunshot rang out from one of there wagons. The pony one of the young Indians was ridding stumbled and crashed to the ground. The rider went down with him. Our scouts raced back toward the wagon train, yelling, â€Å"Hold your fire!† The Indians pulled up around the wounded pony and the fallen rider. Captain Jonah dashed up to them and jumped off his horse. Martha was sure the Indians would kill him. Why didn’t the scouts go to his rescue? Instead the scouts kept yelling, â€Å"For God’s sake, don’t shoot!† In a few minutes that seemed to last forever, the crowd around the fallen rider parted. The young Indian who had gone down with the pony looked dead. The captain rushed back to the wagons. The Indians made a long line facing them. They just stood there, silent and threatening. â€Å"Who fired that shot?† demanded the captain angrily. Two scouts dragged a man from wagon 42. â€Å"That was a stupid thing to do, Ned Butcher!† shouted the captain. Ned stared to protest. But Captain Jonah shouted, â€Å"I don’t care about your excuses. I only care about the safety of the folks on this wagon train. I could hang you for disobeying orders. Or I could just hand you over to the Indians.† Ned’s wife rushed up to Captain Jonah. She stared to pleading with him. Captain Jonah motioned her away. â€Å"All they wanted was to trade hides for blankets and sugar. Now the stakes are higher. Thank God the boy’s only stunned. But the pony is dead. Either we supply them with two oxen and sugar and blankets, or we can expect an attack. Those are the terms!† The men started shouting all at once. Captain Jonah held up his hand for silence. â€Å"They’re going to sit there for a half hour. If we don’t have the oxen and other stuff outside the wagon train by then, they’re going to come swooping down on us. I’ve told the chief we’d meet their demands.† â€Å"Ned Butcher, you have 4 oxen. Unhitch two of them for the Indians,† commanded the captain. â€Å"But only two oxen can’t pull my wagon,† Ned protested. â€Å"You can lighten your load by dumping some of it right here.† â€Å"Every wagon must give a pound of sugar and a blanket,† said Captain Jonah. â€Å"And be quick about it! Our time is running out.† In just a few minutes every person piled up a great mound of blankets and sugar. Captain Jonah and the scouts brought out the two oxen. They staked them by the sugar and blankets. Then everyone pulled back behind the wagons. â€Å"Keep your guns ready, men. But don’t make a move unless I give order!† shouted Captain Jonah. Suddenly the still, silent line of Indians plodded. They came racing toward them. They were yelling and waving guns and spears, kicking up clouds of dust. Martha expected arrows and bullets to rip through the wagon any second. When the Indians reached the staked oxen, the pile of blankets and sugar, the Indians stopped in a cloud of dust. Suddenly the wagon train started to move out. When Martha looked back, the Indians were dividing up the blankets and sugar. They were chattering and laughing and didn’t seem the least bit warlike. That night as they sat around the campfire, they celebrated there coming to Oregon. In the morning Captain Jonah pushed the wagon train hard after the Indian scare. â€Å"This is the hard part of the trip,† he said. â€Å"We’ve got a tough river to ford before we cross the mountains.† â€Å"But the oxen are worn out,† one of the men protested. â€Å"Get out of the wagons and walk!† snapped the captain. Then he made it an order. â€Å"Everybody walks from here on.† All of them plodded along beside our wagons in the boiling sun. â€Å"If you had three wishes, what would you wish for?† Laura asked Martha. â€Å"Ice, ice, and more ice!† â€Å"Your wishes wouldn’t last a minute in this heat,† said Laura. They kept walking in the whole terrible heat. One day they came upon a long line of boxes, trunks, and furniture scattered beside the trail. Lauren and Martha ran over to see what was in the trunks. â€Å"Keep moving!† shouted one of the scouts. â€Å"Just count yourself lucky we don’t have to dump all our goods. Take a like over there!† Martha gasped. Sun bleached skeletons of oxen lay in the sand. â€Å"Their teams gave out,† explained the scout. â€Å"They doubled up and went on as best they could. Move along now. We’ve got a river to ford up ahead. By the time they reached the river, the scouts were struggling to get ropes strung across. The muddy water looked ready to overflow the riverbanks. The oxen had a hard time making it across. But finally the scouts got two short ropes anchored across the river. Then the captain gave the signal. â€Å"One driver to a wagon, everybody else, over on the ropes!† he ordered. Pa drove there big schooner into the river. â€Å"She floats like a boat!† he called They plunged into the water. Martha could see Laura up ahead on the rope. At first it felt good just to be cool again. Then in the deeper water Martha began to feel the strong pull of the undertow. Billy called behind Martha. â€Å"Hey, this is fun!† Martha was about to tell him to hold tight, since he’d soon be in the undertow. But Billy shouted again. â€Å"Look, no hands!† Martha turned, there he was, treading water with both hands off the rope. â€Å"Billy!† called Martha. â€Å"Stop that!† You know you can’t swim!† He struck the undertow and went under like a rock. Martha was so frighten, she couldn’t even call for help. Billy popped back up right next to her. He was coughing and spitting water. Martha grabbed his arm. But she was thrashing around so wildly, Martha lost her grip on the rope. They both went whirling toward the center of the river. They shot right past Ma and Bob. Ma screamed. Martha was sure they were lost. But she still held on to Billy, but his head kept on bobbing under. Then she hit something. Something hard that sent pain shooting up her arm. It was Laura’s wagon. Martha grabbed it. Then she pulled Billy up close, where she could keep his head above water. He coughed, and spit more muddy water. â€Å"Grab the wagon!† She yelled. He clawed at the side of the wagon and found a pot hook to hang on to. Martha was afraid to let him go. But her arm was hurting so, she didn’t know how long she could hold on. Suddenly Laura was there with her arms around both Billy and Martha. She had them penned against the wagon. â€Å"Hang on!† she cried. â€Å"You all right, Billy?† He spit more water and mumbled, â€Å"I’m fine.† â€Å"You don’t look too bad for someone who’s just drunk half a river,† said Lauren. â€Å"How about you, Martha?† Martha was scared to death, and her arm was hurting something fierce. Laura clung to the wagon with them until they were across the river. Everyone cheered as they staggered up the muddy riverbank to safety. The three of them flopped on the ground and sat there, completely worn out. â€Å"Oregon’s on the other side,† announced Captain Jonah. â€Å"We’ve got a hard ride up, but an easy ride down. Let’s start climbing!† They all still had to walk. And when the trail got steeper, they had to help push the heavy wagons. But the coolness in the mountains felt good. The rocky trail was hard on wheels. Every day a wagon would have to pull out of line to fix a broken wheel. Martha still took care of their wheels. Even though her arm was hurt, she wouldn’t let Billy take over. She was superstitious about them. When the last one was checked, she’d pat it and say, â€Å"Lucky wheels! You’ll get us there!† Well, the luck played out before they reached the crest of the mountains. The whole family plus Laura’s was pushing there wagon up a steep part of the trail. Crack! There left front wheel hit a big rock. â€Å"Knocked the iron rim completely off!† cried Pa. â€Å"We’ll have to drop out of line and fix it.† â€Å"How long will it take?† Martha asked Pa. â€Å"Maybe half a day,† he answered. Captain Jonah rode up. â€Å"Tough luck,† he said. â€Å"We’re less than a day away from the crest. Then it’s easy going. Tell you what we’ll do. I’ll camp an hour early tonight and start out an hour later tomorrow. That’ll give you time to catch up.† Pa thanked the captain. Then he rode off and left them to tend the broken wheel. Martha was scared seeing all the wagons go, and being left behind. By the time Pa fixed the wheel, it was dark. â€Å"Hurry! We’ve got miles to make up,† he said. And he pushed the oxen as fast as he dared. â€Å"Pray for a bright moon,† said Pa. â€Å"Driving by night is the only way we’re going to catch up.† But low hanging clouds blocked out the moon and the stars. It started to rain. â€Å"We’ll have to stop,† said Pa. â€Å"It’s foolhardy to go on.† â€Å"Might as well try to get some sleep,† Ma said. Martha then realized it stopped raining. A bright patch of moonlight cut through the back of the wagon. â€Å"The moons out! It’s so bright you can see everything! Pa! Pa! Martha called. Wake up! The rain’s stopped. We can get moving!† Pa jumped up â€Å"By golly, our luck’s changed. We’ll catch up now!† he cried. Day was breaking when we saw the wagon train camp on the crest of the mountains. When we pulled into camp, Lauren ran to meet their wagon. â€Å"I knew you’d make it!† she shouted. I’ve got breakfast ready. As they had breakfast the sun suddenly popped out, round and red and beautiful. Captain Jonah’s big voice boomed, â€Å"Look, folks. There it is. That’s Oregon down there!† From there high perch you could see miles of wild, beautiful valleys stretching before them. For a moment no one said anything. Then Martha let out a yell and turned a cartwheel. Pa put his arm around Ma. â€Å"Now, this looks like our Journey to the New World.† How to cite Our Journey to the New World, Papers

Opposite of Loneliness free essay sample

In the article â€Å"Opposite of loneliness† by Marina Keegan, it explains about the life of a young adult who started her adulthood in Yale University. A place she had found happiness and most certainly the opposite of loneliness. Moreover, she finds herself completely attached to it as she had said in the first paragraph â€Å"What I’m grateful and thankful to have found at Yale and what I’m scared of losing when we wake up tomorrow and leave this place†. This phrase shows us that Yale brought out the best in her, something she fears losing and that she is actually very reluctant to have to leave. She is afraid that all her memories and experiences she has gone through would be gone once she steps out of Yale. This article shows the basic development of a young adult’s social life beginning with a simple circle of friends or a clique and the attachment that became stronger as one grow fonder of the people around her which is exactly what she faces in her experience in Yale where it was mentioned in paragraph three, â€Å"Yale is full of tiny circle we pull around ourselves†. We will write a custom essay sample on Opposite of Loneliness or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page She found that even though not everyone knows everyone, there is still unity and a sense of togetherness among the students in Yale. She also added that the experienced they shared among themselves were priceless and unforgettable and that she felt safe and loved whenever in the company of her peers during her time in Yale. This article allows us to see that the writer begins to discover herself and learns to comprehend about life as she faces challenges along the way while being in Yale. The fear of knowing the truth or fear of not knowing at all is something every individual learns to adapt to however the word â€Å"fear† should never conquer a person as it would only demotivate ourselves instead f seeing the positive side of life just as she had mentioned in paragraph 4 â€Å"But let us get one thing straight: the best years of our lives are not behind us. They’re apart of us† The writer starts comparing the her past and the possible future where she wished that she could wind back time and correct her past mistakes and regrets if given the chance to. It makes us realize that in life there will be scenes playing in our minds like a 1980’s classical film in which the â€Å"What if† takes place. There are times that every individual wished they could go back in time and do something good for themselves or be a the chairperson of a certain society, things they never knew they had it in them or things they went through and it never crossed their mind that they actually did it which is exactly what she felt in herself, â€Å"I’ve looked back on my high school and thought: how did I do that? How did I work so hard? † Everybody would have their standards of living and expectations of succeeding however the article also makes us realize that no matter how perfectly we plan, we may not have the ending that we wished for. We can never be certain of what the future holds for us, however as life goes on, we understand that a human being tends to regret her decisions and change their minds ample of times which explains what she had mentioned in paragraph nine â€Å"If only I had majored in biology, if only I’d gotten involved in journalism as a freshman† The writer also shared uncertainties for what the future would hold for her. She starts comparing herself to others who have accomplished more than she has. Life is all about choices and it is these choices that she is most afraid of. The writer also stated that during her time in Yale, she never had to make any life changing choices and knows she has to start doing it once she graduated and is afraid to make the wrong choices. However, she added that however our lives turned out to be, the future is uncertain and that it can be altered at any point of our life. This can be seen when she said â€Å"What we have to remember is that we can still do anything. We can change our minds. We can start over†. At a young age especially an undergraduate student would always feel that there’s always something missing in their lives to what they’ve accomplished. However also at a young age the opportunity that lies ahead in the future is even bigger. For each expect the young adult faces in Yale University, she comes across one conclusion of her college life, loneliness was never involved however happiness, laughter and memories are definitely words to describe it. Stages by stages this article makes us understand that we as human beings should cherish each and every moment that we have and make the best out of it. Sustain it as a memory that becomes apart of you until the very end. Yes life is not a bed of roses however there’s no harm in trying to make it an enjoyable experience and ride.

gandhifighter without a sword essays

gandhifighter without a sword essays Gandhi, one of the worlds greatest figures, has already become a legend. In this book Jeanette Eaton shows him as a human being. While still a young man, Gandhi adopted the austere way of living that was until the day he died. He did not want comforts and luxuries when so many of his countrymen lived in terrible poverty. He ate only the most frugal diet and in his later years wore a peasants costume. But he himself was anything but austere. Laughter was to him lifes most healing gift, even when it was directed against himself. When young Indian children become a certain age and their body is mature enough they are allowed to get married. Gandhi was described very short and skinny with his dark eyes. He had noticed everything in his path and along the way. It was very hard for the people in the village to do anything near early dawn because only oil lamps gave off light. Gandhi had a younger brother. Before Gandhi had gone to high school he had been used to putting the jasmine wreaths on the images of Shiva and Krishna and Radha. Now every day that he has gone to school he snatchs his breakfast and leaves. Everyday before he enters the temple him and his brother slip their slippers of before they enter the temple. In this way the day began in a small town in western India. Although it was many years ago, the majority of Indian people live in much the same way now. The climate is so warm that as much work as possible is done in the early hours. Therefore many schools open soon after daybreak and, like shops and offices, close in the heat of the day. Gandhi, like any other Indian boys took being married, and going to school for granted because education was very hard for people to learn and to get a good job to not work on the fields day and night. Gandhi was very happy for that he was married to Kasturbai (his wife) because she had changed his life in both work wis ...

Where Can I Find Sources for My Research Paper or 7 Search Engines Used for Scientific Purposes

Where Can I Find Sources for My Research Paper or 7 Search Engines Used for Scientific Purposes Where Can I Find Sources for My Research Paper or 7 Search Engines Used for Scientific Purposes When it is time for writing research papers, students often do not know what to begin with. The first step is to find some sources for your paper, but these sources must be accurate and reliable. Here are seven search engines that will help you find credible information for your research paper. 1. Google Scholar The main benefit of Google Scholar is that it is extremely easy to use, since it functions just like the standard Google search engine. The key difference is the quality and credibility of the sources Google Scholar provides. The specialized search engine filters out the most reliable scholarly results, so it includes many journal articles and other resources written by academics. If you want a quick, easy, and reliable search engine, try using Google Scholar next time you have to write a research paper. 2. Intute This UK-based search engine employs specialists that evaluate thousands of resources to help determine which are safe and credible for students to use. In addition to filtering out unreliable and unnecessary sites, Intute offers 60 free tutorials from experts like librarians and college professors on how to develop your online research skills. This can be an excellent resource for freshmen in particular, who may have little or no experience with high-level researches. 3. RefSeek Like other scholarly search engines, RefSeek filters out the thrum that crowds the Internet and brings credible sources to the forefront. Designed specifically for students and other researchers, RefSeek allows you to search for only actual documents to help ensure that you have found the most credible information for your research paper. 4. Your School’s Online Library One of the best sources for writing your research paper is the school’s online library. At most colleges and universities, you can visit your school library via your computer or mobile device. Online libraries typically provide students with wonderful resources like credible online databases, eBooks, scholarly journal articles and periodicals. 5. iSeek iSeek is a simple search engine that functions similarly to Google. You type a question into the search engine or keywords related to your research topic. Resources on the search engine include the information from universities and a variety of other sites. All commercial sites and sources are filtered out, and it shows only the most relevant, credible sources. 6. Internet Public Library This search engine does not provide scholarly articles, but directs you to websites instead. However, it will link you to the most credible sites ending with .gov and .org. The Internet Public Library also allows you to search by subject, and online librarians are available to help you find the most relevant sources for your research paper. If you’re interested in websites more than scholarly articles, the Internet Public Library is a good search engine to direct you to the most reliable ones. 7. Education Resources Information Center (ERIC) ERIC is a database that can be a bit more complex than some of the search engines listed above. However, it includes more specific search settings that can help you narrow your searching to the most useful information for your research paper. With ERIC, you can limit your results to articles written only within a specific time period, and you can select articles that are peer reviews or full texts only. The full text option ensures that you will not find yourself intrigued by a scholarly article, only will receive a notification that you must pay $20 to continue reading. If you do not mind a slightly more complicated search, ERIC can help you find some excellent and relevant resources for your research paper. Check out the seven search engines we have shared with you here, and see which one works best for you. Each option listed here will help you find only the most credible, reliable, and accurate resources for your research paper. If you use these sites, you will never find yourself asking, â€Å"Where can I find sources for my research paper?† again.

Aristotle,nz Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Aristotle,nz - Essay Example The procedure of realizing excellence of character calls for individuals to develop a steadiness of character by adopting virtuous pursuits and shunning vice. Aristotle stressed the ethical as well as normative effect of virtuous regulations would contribute towards assisting or directing human beings in the pursuit of good. Thesis Statement: From Aristotle’s treatise, all human beings have the capability of acquiring the excellence of character and thought through the constant practice of constructive behaviors such as temperance and duty. Aristotle also wrote about the excellence of thought- or intellectual excellence. He specified that common sense as well as practical wisdom could also be considered as being a kind of excellence of thought. From his writings, it is evident that Aristotle believed that the combination of these two types of excellences is what would be the redeeming factor of the human race. The concepts on the excellence of thought and character tie into Aristotle’s ideas on temperance and intemperance. According to Aristotle, the acquisition of temperance is important because it brings a balance between the excesses that are easily embraced by the untamed human soul and the insensibility that characterizes extreme asceticism. This is directly related to the portrayal of temperance in any challenging situation. For instance, an individual who was practicing temperance would find a balance in the expression of his or her emotions. In a situation where there was a significant threat, the temperate individual’s expressions of fear would not be more or less that the situation called for. However, an intemperate person would either express extreme stoicism or extreme fear that did not correspond to the danger of existing threat. Essentially, the possession of temperance in a human being is what will keep the soul’s need to yearn for different things in harmony with common sense

Alzheimer's disease and the effects on family members Essay

Alzheimer's disease and the effects on family members - Essay Example There is not a specific cause, but has several risk factors such as age, family history and inflammation in the brain. Scientists are investigating if environment, education and diet are risk factors for the disease. Alzheimer's disease is named after the German physician, Alois Alzheimer, who discovered the changes in a 51 year old woman's brain tissue that had passed away from a strange mental illness. Most AD patients live 8 to 10 years after being diagnosed, but some can live as many as 20 years (NIA). Women usually develop Alzheimer's more than men because women live longer. The family role of care giving is becoming more prominent on account that long-term facilities are so costly and nursing homes have negative stigmas. The cost of family care giving averages about $77,447 and the cost for long-term care runs about $5,000.00 a month. The impact of Alzheimer's disease takes a toll on family members because family caregiver's health begins to decline. Research shows that family members who provide care to individuals with chronic or disabling conditions are themselves at risk. Emotional, mental, and physical health problems arise.

The role of Italian export in eastern Europe market of Pasta

The role of Italian export in eastern Europe market of Pasta Introduction Main goals This report aims to be a complete and accurate analysis of the pasta market in Eastern Europe, and to show how three of the most important italian pasta exporters were able to penetrate in this market. We will also show the possibility of growth of this market and his development for years to come. Some informations about Russia and Poland I decided to analyze these two countries because, as I will explain in more detail below, historical and political reasons led the people to have similar food consumption. However, beyond other differences much more pronounced (like the geographical size or the number of inhabitants), both countries have a market characterized by the importation of pasta from Italy almost identical. Yet a country is a member of the EU, the other not. One enjoys the privileges of Europe treaties and has no duty. The other keeps the ruble and taxes and tariffs influence over the consumption of imported products. 1.2.1) Russia The collapse of the Soviet Union has brought about great changes in Russia. The economy was centrally planned and has now become a global market. The economic reforms in 1990 have privatized industry factory, except for some strategic sectors such as energy and defense. To know the real power of Russia, I ´d like to show you that this country is the largest exporter of natural gas in the whole world, the second oil exporter and the third exporter of aluminum steel. This makes Russia an economically strong country, but weak about fluctuations on the variability of commodity prices. After a long economic crisis (1998), the economy began to grow on average 7%. However, the recent global crisis influenced heavily the new middle class. The Central Bank of Russia used a third of its 600 billion U.S. dollars in international reserves to avoid the crisis and stabilize the ruble. The government has also spent $ 200 billion for a rescue plan to increase liquidity in financial sector and aid for Russian companies. In 2010 happens disastrous situation from the environmental point of view, with a severe drought and wildfire in central Russia that have reduced agricultural production, leading to a ban on wheat exports for the year, and increase in other sectors, such as manufacturing and retail trade (but the growth is really slow). 1.2.2)Poland. In 1990, Poland has begun a policy of economic liberalization and today is one of the most active transition economies. Before 2009, GDP had grown by about 5% per year, mainly due to inflows of EU funds. GDP per capita is still below the EU level, but it is among the most high in the Baltic states. Unfortunately, EU membership was blocked by the unemployment rate to 11.8% for the year 2010 and for inflation to 4.2%, above the upper limit of the target audience of the National Bank and the deficit of public sector budget went to 7.9% of GDP, for the crysis events. The countrys potential held back by lack of modern infrastructure, an inefficient commercial court, a code of hard work and too much bureaucracy. Russia Poland GDP (purchasing power parity)  [1]   $2.229 trillion (2010 est.) $2.147 trillion (2009 est.) $2.331 trillion (2008 est.) $721.7 billion (2010 est.) $698.6 billion (2009 est.) $687 billion (2008 est.) GDP real growth rate: 3.8% (2010 est.) -7.9% (2009) 5.2% (2008) 3.3% (2010 est.) 1.7% (2009 est.) 5.1% (2008 est.) GDP per capita (PPP): $15,900 (2010 est.) $15,300 (2009 est.) $16,600 (2008 est.) $18,800 (2010 est.) $18,200 (2009 est.) $17,800 (2008 est.) GDP composition by sector: agriculture: 4.2% industry: 33.8% services: 62% (2010 est.) agriculture: 3.9% industry: 31.8% services: 63% (2010 est.) Labor force by occupation: agriculture: 10% industry: 31.9% services: 58.1% (2008 agriculture: 17.4% industry: 29.2% services: 53.4% (2005) Unemployment rate: 7.6% (2010 est.) 8.4% (2009) 11.8% (2010 est.) 11% (2009 est.) Population below poverty line: 13.1% (2009) 17% (2003 est.) Investment (gross fixed): 18.9% of GDP (2010 est.) 19.5% of GDP (2010 est.) Public debt: 9.5% of GDP (2010 est.) 8.3% of GDP (2009 est.) 50.5% of GDP (2010 est.) 46.4% of GDP (2009 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 6.7% (2010 est.) 11.7% (2009) 2.4% (2010 est.) 3.5% (2009 est.) Industr. production growth rate: 8.3% (2010 est.) 6.5% (2010 est.) Exports: $376.7 billion (2010 est.) $303.4 billion (2009 est.) $160.8 billion (2010 est.) $142.1 billion (2009 est.) Exports partners: Netherlands 10.62%, Italy 6.46%, Germany 6.24%, China 5.69%, Turkey 4.3%, Ukraine 4.01% Germany 26.06%, Italy 6.84%, France 6.78%, UK 6.38%, Czech Republic 5.85%, Netherlands 4.14% Imports: $237.3 billion (2010 est.) $191.8 billion (2009 est.) $167.4 billion (2010 est.) $146.4 billion (2009 est.) Imports partners: Germany 14.39%, China 13.98%, Ukraine 5.48%, Italy 4.84%, US 4.46% Germany 28.08%, Russia 8.65%, Italy 6.5%, Netherlands 5.59%, China 5.27% Debt external: $480.2 billion (2010 est.) $467.2 billion (2009) $252.9 billion (2010 est.) $239.6 billion (2009 est.) 1.3)Some information about the industries 1..3.1) Barilla S.p.a. Barilla S.P.A. is an international food company founded in 1877 in Parma. The company is still privately held, and remains in family ownership and control also today. Barilla_pasta_logo.svg.png Barilla Group control multiple brands. The most famous are: Mulino Bianco, Pavesi, Voiello, Alixir, Wasabrod, Misko, Filiz, Yemina and Vesta. The Group has several production plants all over the world: in Italy, Greece, France, Germany, Russia, Sweden, Turkey and United States, but the central office remains in Parma. Barilla Pasta produces various kinds of pasta and bakery products; is one of the worlds leader in pasta, with 25% of the US market and 40% of European Market. Barilla produces 4,000 tons of dried pasta annually in over 120 shapes and sizes. It is also the leading seller of bakery products in Italy. After the acquisition of the Swedish company Wasa, Barilla became the worlds major producer of flatbread. The Group has 16,000 employes, control 20 different brands and has a turnover of 4.5 billion euros. This market giant produce every year 3 ´000 ´000 tons of food products. In East Europe, the group is present in different countries: according to the website information, is present in Poland from 1999 with the brands Wasa, Barilla and Mulino Bianco. In Russia is present a bakery plant, and 880 people works there. Barilla set his presence in Moskow from 2003 and sell products like Barilla, Harry ´s and Wasa. In Sweden the society is present since 1999, with offices, production plants and a mill. 545 employees works for the group in Filipstad, and create food for brands Wasa and Barilla. 1.3.2)Pasta Zara Pasta Zara S.p.A. Italian food is specialized in the production of pasta, founded in1898 with factories in Riese Pio X (TV) and Muggia (TS). The company is the leading exporter of pasta in the world and the second in terms of production. Exports represent 95% of the market for Pasta Zara, and 13.5% of meals eaten in the world is Zara, in 2009 has sold 208,000 tons of pasta. Actually exports to 97 countries and increased sales particularly in Asian markets, America and Russia. In its continued growth, Pasta ZARA has launched an industrial development plan with the aim is to increase the production capacity from current 208,000 tons per year to about 320 thousand tons by 2015. It works about 300 people in his factory, and is one of the few italian companies that succesfully survived the recent financial crisis.logozara.png Pasta Zara has also been active for years an interesting collaboration with the Italian chefs, and is an active social life of its region by promoting a number of sporting and culinary events, as well as sponsoring several youth sports teams. 1.3.3) De Cecco It was founded in 1886 in Fara San Martino by Filippo Giovanni De Cecco. His father, Nicola De Cecco, a few years ago produced flour in a small local mill. As early Filippo De Cecco had the insight to properly dry the pasta so that they can maintain and withstand the long journeys to America. The current factory in Fara San Martino was built in the early 70s when that age was no longer able to produce the quantities required by the market. In 1950 it was rebuilt in Pescara on the industry model of the former mill town from the years 20 and almost completely destroyed during World War II. Industry Pescara De Cecco is called Mill and De Cecco pasta and is a public limited company controlled by the parent F.lli De Cecco di Filippo Fara San Martino SpA. De Cecco pasta produces water-based and durum wheat, although the laws in many countries allow the use of blends based on durum wheat and wheat flour that are called semolina. Pasta De Cecco has spread to 90 countries around the world inc luding Italy, Great Britain, Japan, United States, and France for over 100 years. It has recently started exporting in Mongolia. logo_home.png The pasta market in east Europe 2.1) What is pasta Pasta is a so popular food for many reasons: its nutritional value, taste and convenience. This is a healthy and important part of a balanced diet (such as mediaterranea). The inventor of pasta is still unknown: legends says Marco Polo imported from the east, while for others the differences between western and eastern pasta are too great, and they think that the Etruscans were the first to prepare pasta. There are two kind of pasta: fresh or dried. The dry consists of semolina, which is produced by grinding kernels of durum wheat. Sometimes other grains are also used. The semolina is mixed with water to form a dough. Usually, the fresh pasta is prepared by adding eggs too. You can enrich the mixture with other ingredients such as spinach, tomatoes and saffron to change its color. The dough is kneaded until it reaches the right consistency, and then is pushed (extruded) through a metal disk with holes. The size and shape of the holes in the disk determine what shape of pasta will be. When the pasta reaches the right length, is cut with knives. The paste is then sent through large dryers which circulate hot, moist air to slowly dry the pasta. The pasta is then packed in bags or boxes. The fresh pasta instead should be consumed within a few days of preparation, without the stage of drying. The most popular type of pasta in the world is spaghetti. 2.2) Similarity and differences between east and west market The differences between these two worlds are very marked. In west side, pasta is the most common food ever, on the other, at best, a simple seasoning. Export pasta in these countries does not mean selling a product, means to make them share as a lifestyle. Some Italian companies there are trying, even now. 2.2.1) Russia and Poland Pasta Market Historical reasons (including the three partitions of Poland in 1772, 1773 and 1775) and social behaviours urge me to consider the current pasta market of Russia and Poland as similar in many aspects, both unique, but distinct from those of Western Europe. These two markets, so similar to consumer preferences, have one big difference: Poland is a member of the European Union, and as such have access to products faster and cheaper, in the case of Russia, but the products are burdened with duties and exchange rates. The Russian and Polish food market is highly fragmented and there is not a single monopoly; the top 10 retailers only reach a market share of 10 percent (datas from 2006). In these two countries, traditional trade detail shop are common, in Russia still remain the Soviets (small independent stores), representing three quarters of total food sales. However, in both countries are becoming more modern retail chains. Hypermarkets and supermarkets are growing rapidly. Most of them have started business in Moscow and are now slowly expanding into other regions. The centerpiece of the food market and based for all foreign companies wishing to spread throughout the country is the area of Moscow and St Petersburg. The degree of success for future expansion can be examined by the successful sale of their products at the increasingly large middle class and upper-middle in these cities. The most important fair in this area is World Food Moscow, held annually in September. The fair is an internat ional fair, the bigger and largest in central and eastern Europe. Manufacturers who want to introduce their products and brands in the Russian market must participate to this event (with nearly 1,300 exhibitors and 60,000 visitors, most of them are international wholesalers and retailers of food). Prices are not set by law, but vary from region to region. This is due to differences in income and cost of living across the country. Russians spend a higher percentage of their income than consumers desserts in many other countries. In 2007 the total consumption was 1.1 million tonnes. About taxation, the prices of modern retail stores are subject to a 18% value added tax (VAT) flat rate which can make it difficult to compete. Import tariffs can vary from 5-20 percent depending on the product and the country is imported from has the status of most favored nation. In the case of Italy, the nominal tax rate is 20 per cent. Poland does not have these problems because it adheres to the Schengen Treaty and E.U. and the goods may be imported without tariffs. In general, corruption and bureaucracy are the major obstacles to doing business in Russia. However, the Russian government abolished many requirements and simplified import licensing and reduction of existing non-tariff barriers, the accession to the World Trade Organization. Food companies who want to import into Russia must apply for certification by the Russian Agency for Health and Consumer Rights, which confirms the safety and quality standards. In these countries, where for historical and social reason consumption of pasta is naturally very small, extensive marketing campaigns are needed, a lot of patience and creativity to support the business. It s very interesting to note that the lack of duties has facilitated the export of pasta in Poland. But what we can analyze from Russia? If we apply corrections to the data due to distortions and normalize the population, we get very similar fuel consumption. So is it true that the duties will not affect this business? No, for one simple reason: in Russia imported pasta is a luxury item. It is certainly not a few rubles on the price that discourages the wealthy citizens of Moscow from buying Italian products. Because the larger part of these products is sold in Moscow. and St. Petersburg, the remaining part of Russia is not a consumer of Italian products. A reduction of duties could encourage the spread of pasta between other groups of the population, while businesses might think of high gamma products for rich citizens. 2.2.2) West-Europe pasta market In the Europe of the east, the pasta is a well- known food. Its nutritional and organoleptic characteristics make it an excellent food, balanced and healthy for human consumption. In fact, the pasta is also at the base of the Mediterranean diet. Production volumes is estimated at 3.2 million tones, and continues to grow. The italian market in 2009 represented about 1.5 million tons, worth about 2.7 billion euro. Approximately 52% of national production is exported. In 2009, Italian pasta companies have increased their export volumes of around 1, 35%. Pasta is definitely one of the key areas of the Made in Italy, but competition with foreign countries, in particular the European Union is very strong. Despite phenomena of short duration (for example, sales crisis), the Italian pasta continues to be a success in international markets, where consumption is rising everywhere. Overall, they were exported around 1.7 million tonnes of Pasta, worth approximately à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 1.7 billion. In particular, 1 million and 145 thousand tons of pasta were exported to EU countries (4% more than last year) and 514 000 tonnes to third countries. As regards the geographical distribution of exports in the rankings of the five largest customers, Germany confirms first place with a share of 20% in quantity, followed by France (16%), the United Kingdom (15%), United States ( 7%) and Japan (5%). In ten years the production of pasta in the world has risen from around 7 million tonnes to around 12 million tonnes. This means that, with about 3.2 million tonnes of production, our country is about 26% of world production of pasta and 75% of the EU at a glance a pasta dish eaten all over the world in 4 and 3 out of 4 in Europe is made with Italian pasta. However, the Italian leadership cannot be taken for granted. New international competitors now face the global market. The gradual reduction in the number of pasta- makers (consider that in 1970 the companies were 450, now about 150) concerned as an indication of the difficulties in the sector. The Italian pasta market, right now, suffering considerable difficulty, as demonstrated by the actions of antirust Italian, which cyclically apply sanctions to the main producers. The Italian market is saturated: the prices are very low compared to the raw material, the number of producers is high and profit margins are very low. But this concern only the Italian pasta. If we add to this the cheap products imported from Spain, but even more from Asia and South America, the situation is really problematic. Many artisan pasta makers have closed, and the remaining have had to made compromises to maintain an adequate levels of prices. There is no place in the market for new innovations. Focus on new forms or in terms of recipes is very difficult because it is a subject already much exploited. Is possible to focus in increase quality level, but the return of sales compared to the price increase requested is not cheap. Sales are down and prices are strongly influenced by the fluctuation of raw material (such as the recent fire in Russia has led to a shortage of grain in the world). Thats why many companies have decided to invest abroad, in America some of the others in East Europe 2.3) General indicators Country tons of pasta produced Italy 3,161,707 Russia 858,400 Poland 150,00 Country Per capita consuption of pasta (kg) Italy 26,0 Russia 6,0 (fast grown) Poland 3,0 (quite stable) Country Average selling price (à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬) Italy 2 Russia 4 Poland 3 Market shares of Italian companies in the area of pasta in Italy 2.4) Consumers behaviour Italy West Europe East-Europe Pasta is a food for all people Is healty and cheap Thousands and thousands of differents brands Brand name and reputation create trusts Recipes are usually fresh and light, tastefull. The buyers knows lots of things about pasta, how to prepare the best recipe, a lot of experience of the product. Is made in Italy Unlimited existence of different size and shapes The package is less important than the brand Possibility of collusion between similar products to keep high prices The original Made In Italy Pasta is an expensive product When controls are are carried out strictly, the product has a good quality Only the most famous brands and names can attract a foreign customer. Expensive marketing campaigns can help selling pasta Cultural mix of italian pasta and west-Europe products can create unpleasant tastes (Pasta with Vodka sauce) Lack of basic knowledge. Especially about cooking time! Fake products are common (unfortunately) Spaghetti, Macaroni, Lasagne, Fettuccine. No more. The package must be as distinctive as brand, especially for the expensive products Fees and taxation keep high prices Quantity of pasta exported (tons) graph.emf The Italian industry in West Europe As seen above, De Cecco and Barilla are two companies leading her Italian pasta. If we add to Zara, the largest exporter of pasta, we get a great deal of products to be sold in these countries. Each of these three companies has followed a different system, with strengths and weaknesses, which we will analyze in detail. 3.1) Barilla As seen previously, export pasta in these countries is difficult because there is no culture of pasta. Barilla has begun the process of its introduction in the country with the acquisition of two companies operating in different sectors. We had to remember that Barilla was sold to U.S. multinational W. R. Grace and Company in 1970. For the company the acquisition was very helpful because it help to increase sales and became famous and powerful. But it remains a national pride in foreign hands. In 1979, Pietro Barilla with his sons repurchase it. Initially, to inject liquidity in the difficult moments of the 80 and 90, the Barilla became partner with Walter Wurth, chairman of Oerlikon Buhrle, a major Swiss company producing weapons. Its probably the first international Italian food company: it begins acquisition of several foreign companies in the same industry, such as the Greek Misko (1991), the Turkish Filiz (1994) and Swedens Wasa (1999). In 1999 opened its office in Poland, where he began to export pasta produced in Italy in local markets. The landing in Russia and not planned, but with the acquisition of Harrys Wasa gain control of these companies small offices in Moscow. We are in 2002 and the situation for a foreign investor is favorable to the resumption of the Russian economy after the financial crisis of 1998. So Barilla decided not only to invest in the country, but also to enhance the production facilities, acquiring the plant Solnechnogorsk. The process is not smooth: 20 million being spent to rebuild the plant Solnechnogorsk after a disastrous fire in 2004. Another 40 million are used, from 2004 to 2007, to improve the production of this plant that produces only for the subsidiarys Harry. Barilla pasta that matter in Russia always comes from Italy. Harrys hand and the colossus of French bread loaves, which produces many varieties suitable for each meal. To bear the internalization, the company has suffered over the years, many structural changes. The holding has also changed over the years several times its operating structure to achieve its present form. Then the system for foreign Barilla provides direct entry into the market, acquiring companies that can provide knowledge and know-how, to use as a base for future expansion of its core business abroad. While this system is characterized as very solid, almost textbook economics, however, is only possible by companies such as Barilla, that have large, very solid financial basis (also accessible through the weapon trade), confidence banks, large availability of money for long-term investment. Although the expansion in Eastern Europe has begun for the last decade, the recent imbalances of the economy are putting a strain on the coffers. barilla organigramma.jpg 3.2)Zara in West Europe Pasta Zara is an unusual case in the Italian industrial sector. While most other food companies producing for the domestic market and possibly export the surplus, since 1958 this company, with rare foresight, has started to export, so that now the export is the main source of income of the company. In Italy it is a little known brand in the main distribution channels, but through some sub-brands popular discount stores. The experience in Eastern Europe began in the 80 and 90. Through small improvements every year, Zara was the first going through uncharted territory. Zaras experience in Eastern Europe is very attractive. Pursuing a long policy of small steps, it has earned the trust of consumers and respected brands and quality. This system is fairly inexpensive, considering that need no infrastructure in place but only an exporter with a warehouse. Must be added also costs of marketing. It s true that with this system Zara has become the largest exporter of pasta in the world but to become it took years of effort, sacrificing the domestic market to focus entirely on exports. And it was really long! But the positive side is that now Zara, while its competitors are suffering and reel, squeezed by banks and crisis, has an enviable financial position, rather it is also able to expand its production facilities. A successful economic policy, therefore, provided to be able to wait many years and do not be alarmed by the lack of results. zara organigram.gif 3.3)De Cecco in west Europe De Cecco has always been the pride of Italian quality. It began to export its products only recently, but in Russia especially stood out for its products in the range Premium Segment. In particular, the company has distinguished itself for its commitment in the use of new technologies, especially the e-commerce and Web 2.0. The use of these powerful new media and online marketing campaigns, combined with the companys presence in social networks and YouTube, have fostered his knowledge outside of Italy. Is too early to comment on the results obtained by De Cecco nellexport online. The system is in fact not be operational until 2007, after a year that had put a strain on the company. It seems that the idea to focus mainly on trade web has been in practice a gamble in which few people believed. In the absence of funds and massive investment, however, seemed a logical solution. In practice it is not exported to Eastern Europe but to explore a whole new space (internet), very little used by Italian companies to sell their products. The data so far are very fragmentary. On social networks, the company has a large number of fans, as well as recipes on youtube channel. This is the first Italian company to have understood the potential of Web 2.0, but there is no practical data on the quantities sold. Despite this, I think this is an excellent system, able to demonstrate that the business is not achieved only with exaggerated amounts of money, but also with good ideas and lots of advertisin g. Future of Pasta market The pasta is a food that is going through a second youth, in recent years. Its nutritional properties make it an excellent item, but not yet adequately known outside the Mediterranean region and North America. From this point of view, the efforts of many Italian companies to showcase the product is impressive, especially in the East of Europe In a few years the consumption of pasta in those countries began to grow exponentially, a sign of the goodness of product. But if the increased consumption of pasta, it makes it necessary to increase the users understanding of the product and best practices on how to consume it. Only in this way, a product still popular but seen as a foreigner will be able to enter definitively into the hearts of people. However, the paste cannot hope to increase its market share in the intensely until remains a niche product of luxury. If this can start to attract more wealthy clients, it must then expand to all other social classes, with appropriate pricing policies and promotional purposes. It should not underestimate the different cultures from which the users come. If in some cases the result of any intersections of recipes is not pleasant, very often you get tasty combinations. The expansion into new markets becomes the only option for companies at home suffer more and more competition. Not only the internal ones (in Italy exists, in each store, tens of hundreds of shapes and products) but also from China and countries in the developing world. It is important to point out then that the real Made in Italy for wine and food products every year suffer more from clones from different countries, much cheaper but with much lower quality. Not only that, the pasta industry is still in danger from the changes in the price of wheat (see fires in Russia that in 2005 and 2010 have destroyed the stocks of that country, a formidable exporter) and in general of market imbalances: particular the recent crisis has led to a negative peak of exports, and fear for one of the key sectors of Italian economy, although it is early to reach definitive conclusions or analysis. But this I can definitely say that the pasta industry will expand only through export. Conclusions The situation of the market for products derived from corn is very precarious. On one side we have the farmers, who are fighting daily against nature to obtain a more healthy wheat, but their efforts are frustrated by the industries that underpaid their product. From other side we have to endure the same companies that increasingly stringent budgetary constraints in order to sell their products, and increasingly fierce competition. Thats why these three large Italian companies have decided to export its products to countries that are foreign to the culture of pasta. Someone called him a chance, something else a fail, but all these companies are fighting every day to sell their products. It s just business, but it is also through these channels that the real Made in Italy spreads. We have seen how difficult it is to enter a different market. is a long-term investment, and massive investments of money, time and energy are required, as well as know-how previously unknown. Until 2009 these companies have made it. With the recent crisis, the situation has deteriorated drastically, and perhaps have a good product will not be enough to save himself. Sources 1) www.istat.it 2) Comtrade 3) www.barillagroup.com 4) www.cia.gov 5) http://www.pastazara.it/ 6) http://www.dececco.it/IT/ Barilla official report 2001 -2010 http://www.eiu.com/public/ Italian Embassy in Moscow www.ambmosca.esteri.it www.confindustria.it www.worldfood-moscow.com http://www.unipi-pasta.it/dati/andam.htm http://www.pasta.it/consumo.htm Tutto il Grillo che conta (Beppe Grillo, Feltrinelli 2006) http://www.intracen.org/appli1/TradeCom/TP_IP_CI.aspx?RP=643YR=2008 16) http://www.pastaria.it/rivista-pasta/russia-un-mercato-promettente/